{"id":978749,"date":"2026-01-05T19:38:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T19:38:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.polygon.com\/?p=455300"},"modified":"2026-01-05T19:38:20","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T19:38:20","slug":"you-can-learn-to-speak-elvish-just-not-j-r-r-tolkiens-elvish","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arcader.org\/news\/you-can-learn-to-speak-elvish-just-not-j-r-r-tolkiens-elvish\/","title":{"rendered":"You can learn to speak Elvish \u2014 just not J.R.R. Tolkien\u2019s Elvish"},"content":{"rendered":"
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On Nov. 29, 1931, J.R.R. Tolkien introduced the world to Middle-earth \u2014 the most important part of it, anyway. The Hobbit <\/em>wouldn\u2019t be published for six more years. The Lord of the Rings<\/em> was still decades away. But on that autumn night, when the renowned philologist presented a paper titled \u201cA Secret Vice,<\/a>\u201d he revealed his Elvish languages for the very first time.<\/p>\n

Elvish is the heart of Tolkien\u2019s mythology, and it\u2019s all over the latest adaptation of his work, Prime Video\u2019s The Rings of Power<\/em>. Quenya, which Tolkien describes as a sort of \u201cElf Latin,\u201d is mostly reserved for names, formal phrases, and poetry \u2014 Gil-galad\u2019s song in the season 2 premiere, \u201cGolden Leaves,\u201d<\/a> is a Quenya composition, for example. Sindarin, the Elves\u2019 day-to-day language, is what Elrond and Galadriel speak when they argue about whether to use the Three Rings in the same episode, and what Celebrimbor\u2019s prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Mirdania, lapses into when she discusses her troubling visions with Sauron.<\/p>\n

And yet, as important as these languages are to Middle-earth, Tolkien never \u201cfinished\u201d Quenya or Sindarin \u2014 and never intended to. As a result, Tolkien Elvish isn\u2019t something you can learn to speak, at least not with anything approaching fluency. You can<\/em> use Tolkien\u2019s material to put together simple Elvish sentences and short verses, but in-depth conversations and longer compositions, like those found in The Rings of Power<\/em>, require so much extrapolation, inference, and invention that it\u2019s hard to consider the results Tolkien\u2019s Elvish at all.<\/p>\n

Tolkien didn\u2019t want you to speak Elvish<\/h2>\n

\"J.R.R.<\/p>\n

While Quenya and Sindarin were \u201cconstructed deliberately to be personal, and give private satisfaction,\u201d they didn\u2019t stay <\/em>private. The first two books of The Lord of the Rings <\/em>hit shelves in 1954, and readers almost immediately began deciphering the Elvish inside. Eventually, they tried to figure out how to speak and write it, too. The first book purportedly teaching Elvish<\/a> appeared in 1974; others followed. These days, you can find Quenya and Sindarin in movies, TV shows, video games, tabletop RPGs, how-to books, and more \u2014 none of which were written by Tolkien.<\/p>\n

In \u201cA Secret Vice,\u201d Tolkien confesses that he\u2019s been constructing \u201cimaginary languages in full or outline for amusement\u201d since he was a teenager. He shares four early Elvish poems<\/a>, and explains how constructed languages are intimately connected to mythology. Real languages develop over time, Tolkien argues, so invented ones need a fictional history to maintain an \u201cindividual flavor\u201d and the \u201cillusion of coherence and unity.\u201d That\u2019s why Tolkien first created Middle-earth: His languages needed a home.<\/p>\n

However, the most striking part of \u201cA Secret Vice\u201d isn’t the early preview of Tolkien\u2019s legendarium. It’s what the paper reveals about his motivations for creating languages in the first place. As Tolkien wrote in a letter he composed for a fan<\/a> in 1967, \u201cthis process of invention was\/is a private enterprise undertaken to give pleasure to myself by giving expression to my personal linguistic \u2018aesthetic\u2019 or taste and its fluctuations.\u201d He wasn’t trying to design a new form of communication. If anything, Tolkien was experimenting with the artistic possibilities of a language that wasn’t <\/em>communicative. Other speakers would only have gotten in the way.<\/p>\n

J.R.R. Tolkien\u2019s two Elvish languages<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

In Tolkien\u2019s mythology, there are roughly 11 Elvish languages, all of which descended from a common ancestor. However, he only developed two in real depth. Quenya came first; Tolkien began working on his high-Elven tongue in 1915. Sindarin has a more complicated lineage. In 1917, Tolkien began developing Gnomish<\/a>, or Goldogrin, a language with a clear Welsh influence. The author reconceived Gnomish as Noldorin<\/a> in the \u201920s and \u201930s, keeping its Celtic flavor but drastically changing its structure; the language kept that name until Tolkien was deep into writing The Lord of the Rings<\/em>, when he renamed it Sindarin and gave it a new fictional history.<\/p>\n

Notably, neither language was complete when Tolkien began documenting the Elves\u2019 fictional history. In fact, evidence suggests that Elvish and Middle-earth grew up together. Tolkien wrote the first poem<\/a> featuring a Middle-earth character in 1914, a year before Quenya (then known as Qenya) hit the scene. The earliest-known Quenyan document<\/a> is already full of familiar names.<\/p>\n

As with his fiction, Tolkien revised and refined Quenya and Sindarin up until he died in the early \u201970s. He changed his mind often and left behind a mess of notes for scholars to untangle. In the article \u201cElvish as She Is Spoke,\u201d<\/a> Tolkien scholar and The Rings of Power <\/em>language consultant Carl F. Hostetter observes that Tolkien rarely finished the descriptive grammars he started. When he did, they were covered in amendments and corrections, almost demanding new drafts.<\/p>\n

Almost every original Elvish composition Tolkien penned introduced new ideas to the mix or changed existing rules. His explanations for the linguistic origins of many words, including names like Aragorn and Galadriel, shifted regularly. <\/p>\n

As a result, there\u2019s no stable version of Quenya or Sindarin to learn, speak, or translate. There are multiple iterations of both, but they\u2019re all incomplete, not to mention scattered across multiple documents, many still not publicly released. You can do what scholars like Hostetter do, and track the languages\u2019 evolutions over time, but there\u2019s no fixed, final edition of either to study.<\/p>\n

What Elvish meant to J.R.R. Tolkien<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

But again, Tolkien wasn\u2019t out to create a practical real-world language. \u201cA Secret Vice\u201d makes it clear that he considered his languages works of art, and used them to express his personal notions of beauty. Tolkien liked languages that sound good even when divorced from meaning \u2014 he expressed a fondness for Finnish and Welsh for that reason \u2014 but he was even more motivated by an \u201cingenuity in the relations of symbol and sense.\u201d In other words, he liked strong connections between a word\u2019s sounds and its meaning, a concept known in linguistics as \u201csound symbolism.\u201d<\/p>\n

Given the haphazard state of the information Tolkien left behind, there are an infinite number of ways to create Elvish dialogue. For the feature-film adaptations of The Hobbit <\/em>and The Lord of the Rings<\/em>, A Gateway to Sindarin <\/em>author David Salo opted for a history-oriented approach focused on preserving consistency with the Elvish in novels. \u201cI tried to do something that would be accessible to fans of Tolkien\u2019s languages,\u201d he told me in an interview for this piece. \u201cIf they were looking at something I had written, they would be able to say, \u2018Oh, that looks familiar.\u2019\u201d <\/p>\n

First, Salo established Sindarin as it appears in The Lord of the Rings <\/em>as his baseline. When possible, he tried to use that. When he found gaps, however, he went back to earlier iterations of the language, then rebuilt what he needed by layering on Sindarin\u2019s subsequent transformations. The final product, ideally, feels contemporary with The Lord of the Rings<\/em>, even though it isn\u2019t straight from Tolkien himself.<\/p>\n

This method required a fair amount of inference and extrapolation, in addition to some outright creation. Some of Tolkien\u2019s ideas were inevitably discarded along the way. Further, the output is unavoidably informed by Salo\u2019s own tastes and opinions. Other people would probably make different decisions and end up with different, equally valid results.<\/p>\n

Who owns Tolkien\u2019s Elvish?<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Can we really<\/em> call the versions of Quenya and Sindarin that appear in Peter Jackson\u2019s Lord of the Rings movies and The Rings of Power<\/em> to be Tolkien\u2019s languages? Strictly speaking, no \u2014 not if the point of Tolkien\u2019s Elvish is to express his personal aesthetic tastes. There’s only one person privy to that information, and he died in 1973.<\/p>\n

But Elvish doesn\u2019t belong to Tolkien anymore, really. It belongs to everyone who reads The Lord of the Rings<\/em> and is dazzled by its linguistic possibilities. A communal cultural object may be the opposite of what Tolkien was trying to create, but that\u2019s what he ended up with \u2014 and like any other shared language, Quenya and Sindarin are evolving over time.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, Salo thinks Tolkien would be flattered that his \u201csecret vice\u201d has excited others\u2019 imaginations. \u201cI think he would be critical in various ways, but I don\u2019t think he would be offended,\u201d Salo said. \u201cHe would also realize that, in the process of becoming separated both from his own thought and the fictional world he created, [Elvish] was becoming its own thing. It was becoming something different from what it had been when it left his pen.\u201d<\/p>\n

Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On Nov. 29, 1931, J.R.R. Tolkien introduced the world to Middle-earth \u2014 the most important part of it, anyway. The Hobbit wouldn\u2019t be published for six more years. The Lord of the Rings was still decades away. But on that autumn night, when the renowned philologist presented a paper titled \u201cA Secret Vice,\u201d he revealed his Elvish languages for the very first time. Elvish is the heart of Tolkien\u2019s mythology, and it\u2019s all over the latest adaptation of his work, Prime Video\u2019s The Rings of Power. Quenya, which Tolkien describes as a sort of \u201cElf Latin,\u201d is mostly reserved for names, formal phrases, and poetry \u2014 Gil-galad\u2019s song in the season 2 premiere, \u201cGolden Leaves,\u201d is a Quenya composition, for example. Sindarin, the Elves\u2019 day-to-day…<\/p>\n

Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":978750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-978749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-polygon"],"yoast_head":"\nYou can learn to speak Elvish \u2014 just not J.R.R. Tolkien\u2019s Elvish | Arcader News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On Nov. 29, 1931, J.R.R. Tolkien introduced the world to Middle-earth \u2014 the most important part of it, anyway. 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